George Orson Welles (Kenosha, 6 maggio 1915 – Los Angeles, 10 ottobre 1985) è stato un attore, regista, sceneggiatore, scrittore, drammaturgo e produttore cinematografico statunitense.

È considerato uno degli artisti più versatili e innovativi del Novecento in ambito teatrale, radiofonico e cinematografico. Conquistò il successo all’età di ventitré anni grazie allo spettacolo radiofonico La guerra dei mondi, trasmissione che, leggenda narra, scatenò il panico in buona parte degli Stati Uniti, facendo credere alla popolazione di essere sotto attacco da parte dei marziani. Questo insolito debutto gli diede la celebrità e gli fece ottenere un contratto per un film all’anno con la casa di produzione cinematografica RKO, da realizzare con assoluta libertà artistica. Nonostante questa vantaggiosa clausola, solo uno dei progetti previsti poté vedere la luce: Quarto potere (1941), il più grande successo cinematografico di Welles, considerato “il più bel film della storia del cinema” secondo un sondaggio della rivista britannica Sight & Sound che ha interpellato oltre 250 critici e registi cinematografici.

La carriera successiva di Welles fu ostacolata da una lunga serie di difficoltà e inconvenienti che non gli permise di continuare a lavorare a Hollywood e che lo costrinse a trasferirsi in Europa, dove continuò a cercare di realizzare le proprie opere finanziandosi soprattutto con apparizioni in film altrui. Fra i suoi molti progetti, Welles riuscì a realizzare e dirigere film come: Macbeth (1948), Otello (1952), L’infernale Quinlan (1958), Il processo (1962), F come falso (1975) ed altri.

La sua fama è aumentata dopo la sua morte, avvenuta nel 1985, ed è considerato uno dei maggiori registi cinematografici e teatrali del XX secolo. Palma d’oro a Cannes nel 1952 (all’epoca Gran Prix du Festival), ricevette, tra gli altri riconoscimenti, l’Oscar alla carriera nel 1971. Nel 2002 è stato votato dal British Film Institute come il più grande regista di tutti i tempi. L’American Film Institute ha inserito Welles al sedicesimo posto tra le più grandi star della storia del cinema.

George Orson Welles (/ˈwɛlz/; May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film. He is remembered for his innovative work in all three: in theatre, most notably Caesar (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar; in radio, the 1938 broadcast “The War of the Worlds”, one of the most famous in the history of radio; and in film, Citizen Kane (1941), consistently ranked as one of the all-time greatest films.

Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project in his early twenties, including an innovative adaptation of Macbeth with an entirely African American cast, and the political musical The Cradle Will Rock. In 1937 he and John Houseman founded the Mercury Theatre, an independent repertory theatre company that presented an acclaimed series of productions on Broadway through 1941. Welles found national and international fame as the director and narrator of a 1938 radio adaptation of H. G. Wells’ novel The War of the Worlds performed for his radio anthology series The Mercury Theatre on the Air. It reportedly caused widespread panic when listeners thought that an invasion by extraterrestrial beings was actually occurring. Although some contemporary sources claim these reports of panic were mostly false and overstated, they rocketed Welles to notoriety.

His first film was Citizen Kane (1941), which he co-wrote, produced, directed, and starred in as Charles Foster Kane. Welles was an outsider to the studio system and directed only 13 full-length films in his career. He struggled for creative control on his projects early on with the major film studios and later in life with a variety of independent financiers, and his films were either heavily edited or remained unreleased. His distinctive directorial style featured layered and nonlinear narrative forms, innovative uses of lighting such as chiaroscuro, unusual camera angles, sound techniques borrowed from radio, deep focus shots, and long takes. He has been praised as a major creative force and as “the ultimate auteur”.

Welles followed up Citizen Kane with critically acclaimed films including The Magnificent Ambersons in 1942 and Touch of Evil in 1958. Although these three are his most acclaimed films, critics have argued other works of his, such as The Lady from Shanghai (1947) and Chimes at Midnight (1966), are underappreciated.

In 2002, Welles was voted the greatest film director of all time in two British Film Institute polls among directors and critics, and a wide survey of critical consensus, best-of lists, and historical retrospectives calls him the most acclaimed director of all time. Well known for his baritone voice, Welles was a well-regarded actor in radio and film, a celebrated Shakespearean stage actor, and an accomplished magician noted for presenting troop variety shows in the war years.